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_ __ __ __ __ _ ' ) ) / ` / ) / ` / tm /--' /-- /--< /-- / / \ (____, (____) (____, (____, Version 3.01 U S E R ' S M A N U A L (c) Copyright 1992, 1993 Brad L. Smith All Rights Reserved Table of Contents Chapter 1:0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 2:0 GETTING STARTED Chapter 3:0 TUTORIAL Chapter 4:0 THE FUNCTION KEY MENUS 4:1 CELL (change cell display attributes) 4:2 EDIT (edit/delete/copy/shift cells) 4:3 FILE (load/save worksheets) 4:5 SCRIPTS (load libraries, set swap area) 4:6 WINDOWS (set column width; create windows) 4:7 UTILITY (graphics, memory, sum, recalc cells) 4:8 DEFAULT (set global default values) 4:9 FORMATS (set numeric/date/time displays) Chapter 5:0 EDIT MODE Chapter 6:0 TECHNICAL INFORMATION 6:1 Cell Types 6:2 Cell Addresses 6:3 Operators 6:4 Formulas 6:5 Arrays 6:6 Multiple Worksheets 6:7 Range Operations 6:8 Direct Cell Addresses 6:9 Indirect Cell Addresses 6:10 When are Formulas Recalculated? 6:11 Forcing Formulas to Recalculate 6:12 Optimizing your worksheet 6:13 Switches / Miscellaneous Topics Chapter 7:0 SHORTCUT COMMANDS Chapter 8:0 FUNCTIONS 8:1 Math 8:2 Trig 8:3 String 8:4 Misc Chapter 9:0 COORDINATE GEOMETRY (COGO) PACKAGE Chapter 10:0 MATRIX ALGEBRA PACKAGE Chapter 11:0 SCRIPTS Appendix A Support Appendix B Warranty and License Agreement Order Form (Script Library Builder) _________________________ ___________________________________________/ Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION REBEL 3.0 is a spreadsheet that is designed for a diverse mix of scientific and non-scientific users. It can be tailored to fit the needs of almost any industry or profession by adding custom 'script' libraries to its already powerful set of built-in functions. Scripts, unlike the familiar 'macro', look and behave like built-in functions and can range from simple conversion routines to full blown applications. They are easy to write (using a structured C-like programming language) and are accessed from separate library files, making them easy to share with others. REBEL's features do not end with scripts, however. Its built-in Coordinate Geometry and Matrix Algebra packages offer computing power that is unmatched by any other spreadsheet. The 27 functions that comprise these packages allow spatial data, as well as matrixes, to be manipulated with the same event driven (what-if) engine that is used for standard functions. Simply put, no other spreadsheet can match REBEL's flexibility and power. As you read through this manual, you'll find that REBEL has not hesitated to break with tradition in its effort to develop the most sophisticated spreadsheet you'll ever use. Listed below are a few additional examples of what make this spreadsheet so unique. CELL ADDRESSES While most spreadsheets on the market today use letters to refer to the columns of other cells, REBEL uses numbers (e.g. 'AB12' would be equivalent to [12,28] in REBEL - row 12 column 28). INDIRECT CELL ADDRESSING The ROW and/or COLUMN fields of a Cell Address can themselves be expressions, allowing Cell Addresses to be nested. This means that a cell reference can vary, depending on the values of other cells (very handy for table lookups). [ROW, [row,column] ] \__________\ \__ The value from this cell will be used as COLUMN number ARRAYS Upto 8000 values (array elements) can be assigned to each cell! Each of these values can be accessed by including the optional 3rd Array Element field in the Cell Address: [row,column,ELEMENT] MULTIPLE WORKSHEETS Upto 4 separate worksheets can be loaded at one time. Cells from any of these worksheets can be individually addressed by including the optional 4th Worksheet Level field in Cell Address: [row,column,element,WORKSHEET] NOTE: Both the 'Array Element' and 'Worksheet' fields of a Cell Address are optional. Their values default to zero if not included. OVER THIRTY (30+) OPERATORS: Unary ! + - Arithmetic ** * / % + - Relational > >= <= < == != Logical && || Bitwise << >> & | Ternary ?:; Assignment = += -= *= /= %= <<= >>= &= |= PROGRAMMABLE RANGE OPERATIONS A 'Range Operation' can be defined that temporarily assigns one or more 'formulas' to a group of cells, returning a single value upon completion. The general form of a Range Operation is similar to that of a standard Cell Address and can be used within other formulas in much the same manner. REBEL does not stop here, however. Every effort has been made to make this the simplest spreadsheet you have ever used. Function keys are designed to act like built in macros that perform complex editing tasks, which you would otherwise be forced to develop yourself. SHIFT cells around your worksheet by pressing a single key. UNDELETE cells mistakenly lost SEARCH and REPLACE (with wildcards) CUT and PASTE editing and more . . . SPLIT SCREENS MINIMAL RECALC ERROR MESSAGES SINGLE STEP FORMULA DEBUGGER ! _____________________________ ________________________________________/ Chapter 2 GETTING STARTED When REBEL is first invoked, you will be presented with an empty worksheet at the 'Root Menu Level'. Each cell can have either a 'label' (text string) or a 'formula' associated with it. Formulas consist of numbers or expressions that may or may not be based on the results of other cells. The screen is divided into three regions: 1) the "Function Key Menu" at the top; 2) the "Input Line" for entering text or formulas; and 3) the "Cells" that comprise the worksheet. The options, displayed by the Function Key Menus, if written entirely in upper case letters, will re-assign a new set of options to each function key; or, if they are abbreviated in both upper and lower case letters, they will perform a specific action. The first menu you will encounter upon entering the spreadsheet is referred to as the "Root Menu". _______ _______ _______ _______ | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f0 | | CELL | | EDIT | | FILE | . . . | EXIT | Worksheet |__________________________________________________ Level number --> <4>______1__________2_________3__________4_________ |1| |2| "The Root Menu _______ _______ _______ _______ Function Key | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f0 | <-- Menu" | CELL | | EDIT | | FILE | . . . | EXIT | |_________________________________________________ <-- "Input Line" <1>______1__________2_________3__________4________ <-- (Column Bar) |1| |2| <-- (Row Bar) 15.00 |3| __________ |4| | 25.00| <-- "Cell Pointer" |5| (active cell) |6| : [2,3]+10 <-- (formula of active cell) Two cursors are displayed on the screen. The large highlighted area on the worksheet is referred to as the "Cell Pointer". It points to the currently active cell that is about to accept a new or modified entry. This cursor (or pointer) can be moved at any time with arrow keys on your keyboard. The second, smaller cursor is located on the "Input Line" (just below the Function Key Menu). It is used to enter a text or formulas into the cell highlighted by the Cell Pointer. The remaining portion of this section will provide you with a quick overview of some of the basics you will need to get started. You'll learn how to start REBEL, how to move between worksheet levels, how to use the Function Key Menus, and how to enter data. For more details on each of these topics, refer to the Technical Information section in Chapter 6. GETTING STARTED ______________________________________________________________________ | | Starting | If you will be starting this program from a floppy from floppy | disk (assumed to be in drive A), type the following drive | sequence of commands from your computer's system | prompt: | | A: (moves you to Drive A) | CD \ (change to root directory) | | REBEL (for color mode) | or | REBEL -b (for black and white mode) | | Installing | To permanently install REBEL on your hard drive (assumed REBEL on a | to be Drive C), you need only copy the .EXE and .DOC Hard Disk | files from the floppy disk. The following series of | commands is but one example of how to do this: | | C: (moves you to Drive C) | CD \DOS (change to a subdirectory | called: 'DOS' if it exists) | | COPY A:*.EXE *.* | COPY A:*.DOC *.* | | (If you create a separate subdirectory for the REBEL | .EXE and .DOC files, be sure to include it in your | search path; otherwise, you'll need to move to THAT | directory to execute the program.) | | Root Menu | A variety of operations can be performed using the | function keys on your keyboard. The specific task | assigned to each of these keys can vary, however, | depending on the menu displayed at the top of your | screen. The first menu that appears when you startup | the program is called the 'Root Menu'. | _______ _______ _______ _______ | | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f0 | | | CELL | | EDIT | | FILE | . . . | EXIT | | | This menu is used (as a starting point) to re-assign | a new set of options to the function keys. Notice that | the descriptive words are written in UPPER CASE | letters. | | Return to | In most menus, the F1 function key (DONE) will return Root Menu | you to the Root Menu. | | Exiting | You can terminate your session by pressing the F10 | function key (EXIT) from the "Root Menu". | | Moving the | You can move the Cell Pointer from cell to cell with Cell | the Arrow Keys or jump from screen to screen with the Pointer | following keys: | | <Pg Up> moves Cell Pointer UP one screen. | <Pg Dn> moves Cell Pointer DOWN one screen. | <Home> moves Cell Pointer LEFT one screen. | <End> moves Cell Pointer RIGHT one screen. | | NOTE: You can not move the Cell Pointer with the arrow | keys once you have started an entry. | | Entering | All cell entries are made from the Input Line (above Formulas | the Column Bar). A special 'Edit Mode' is also and Labels | available to modify existing entries (refer to | Chapter 5). | | Referencing | The value of any cell within the spreadsheet can be values in | used in another cell's formula by surrounding the other cells | ROW and COLUMN number (of the cell that contains | the value) with square brackets []. This is called | a "Cell Address". | | [row,column] | | Example: If you want to multiply the value in | cell [1,2] (row 1, column 2) by 5 and display | the answer at your current cell location, the | formula might look something like this: | | [1,2] * 5 | | IMPORTANT! When entering values, never being a | number with a zero (unless, of course, the number | is zero). That is, if you want to enter "45", | don't type it as "045" (if you do, you'll get the | decimal equivalent of OCTAL 45). Refer to Section | 6:13 - Misc Topics, for an expanded discussion. | | Cell Types | A cell takes on one of three possible cell types | (FORMULA, LABEL, or VARIABLE LABELS) whenever you | enter data. The spreadsheet will automatically try | to choose the correct cell type for you; and, in | most cases, it will do it correctly. There are, | however, a few cases that can confuse the spreadsheet; | so, it is worth a brief look to see exactly how an | entry is interpreted. | | FORMULA A FORMULA cell type is assigned to a | cell whenever a number, expression, or | function is entered. For example: | | 1.00 (number) | [1,2]+200 (expression) | +sqrt(16) (function) | | Any entry that begins with one of the | following characters: | | + - ( [ . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 @ | | will be automatically be interpreted as a | mathematical 'formula' and the spreadsheet | will attempt to compute its value. It is | important, however, to remember that some | valid formulas may NOT begin with one of | these characters. In these cases, you must | begin the entry with a Plus (+) sign to | FORCE the spreadsheet to interpret it | as FORMULA. | | | LABELS A LABEL cell type is assigned whenever | a string of characters is entered that | DOES NOT BEGIN with one of the characters | that defines a FORMULA cell. The entry | will be displayed exactly as it is typed | and the spreadsheet will attach no special | meaning to it. For example: | | January the 1st | | Note: If a LABEL must begin with one of | the characters that defines an FORMULA, a | Single Quote (') can be used force the | spreadsheet to interpret it as a LABEL. | The optional single quote ('), at the | beginning of the entry, will not appear | when the LABEL is displayed. For example: | | '1st of January | | | VARIABLE The VARIABLE LABEL is a special type of | LABEL LABEL cell that is treated a little | different by the spreadsheet. These entries | MUST begin with a Double Quote ("). They | are normally displayed as they are entered, | except when a Cell Address (e.g. "[1,2]") | is encountered within the string. In this | case, the Cell Address is replaced by the | 'contents' of the cell being referenced. | | Example: If the cell at [1,1] (row 1, | column 1) contains the label: 'red | and you then make the following entry | at cell [3,1]: | | "My car is [1,1]. | | it will actually display: | | My car is red. | | Note: The Double Quote (") IS REQUIRED to | force [1,1] to be replaced by the contents | of that cell. If you tried this, type | something else in cell [1,1] and see what | happens! | | Attaching | REBEL now allows you to access functions (i.e. scripts) Scripts | from special (.REB) library files. The documentation LibrariesB | for these libraries is usually contained in a (.DOC) | file of the same name. Before you can access these | scripts, however, you must first 'attach' the library | contains them. For example, to access the scripts in | REBEL's standard library, STDLIB.REB, simply start the | program using the -L: option (followed immediately by | the name of the library). | | REBEL -L:STDLIB | | Refer to Chapter 11 for more details on the use of | scripts. | | Using the | You can move the Cell Pointer directly to any cell on (/) GOTO | worksheet, without using the arrow keys. This can be Command | very handy if you need to move the Cell Pointer a long | distance or to another worksheet at a different level. | To do this, simply type a slash (/) at the Input Line | (located above the Column Bar). You will then be asked | to enter the Row, Column, and Worksheet Level of the | cell you wish to move to. You can press the <Enter> | key at any of the prompts to accept the default value | that is enclosed within the square brackets []. | | Escaping | If you do not wish to complete an option that is from a | prompting you for information, press the <Esc> key Prompt | to abort. You will be returned to the Input Line. | _________________________ ___________________________________________/ Chapter 3 TUTORIAL In the following tutorial, you will design a simple spreadsheet that can be used to compute your monthly car or mortgage loan payment. It should end up looking something like this: _________________________________________ Loan size: 10000.00 Annual Interest Rate: 0.12 Length of Loan (years): 3.00 Monthly Payment: 332.14 _________________________________________ IMPORTANT: In the exercise, you will be using the 'PMT' script which is contained in the STDLIB.REB library file. It is, therefore, necessary to 'attach' this library before beginning this tutorial. To do this, simply exit the program and restart it with the following -L option at the DOS prompt: REBEL -L:STDLIB NOTE: If you make a mistake or you wish to change a value while performing this exercise, simply move the Cell Pointer back to the cell and re-type the correct entry. MAKE SURE YOU'RE ON THE RIGHT CELL BEFORE YOU START TYPING! ______________________________________________________________________ | Step 1 | Using the arrow keys, move the Cell Pointer to cell | [3,2] (row 3, column 2) | Step 2 | Type "Loan size:" (without the quotes) | Step 3 | Move right to cell [3,5] | Step 4 | Type: "10000" (without the quotes) | Step 5 | Move down and to the left to cell [4,2] | Step 6 | Type: "Annual Interest Rate:" (without the quotes) | Step 7 | Move right to cell [4,5] | Step 8 | Type: ".12" (without the quotes) | Step 9 | Move down and to the left to cell [5,2] | Step 10 | Type: "Length of Loan (years):" (without the quotes) | Step 11 | Move right to cell [5,5] | Step 12 | Type: "3" (without the quotes) | Step 13 | Move down and to the left to cell [7,3] | Step 14 | Type: "Monthly Payment:" (without the quotes) | Step 15 | Move right to to cell [7,5] | Step 16 | Type: "+PMT([3,5],[4,5]/12,[5,5]*12)" (no quotes) | | (Notice the plus sign in front of the function call.) If you got "332.14" for the payment, congratulations, you entered everything right! Now, you can compute any payment you like, simply by re-entering the appropriate values in cells [3,5] thru [5,5]. The next steps describe how to save this worksheet. | Step 17 | From the ROOT MENU, press function key F3 (FILE) | | You should now see a new set of options displayed | on the "Function Key Menu". These options are | used to SAVE and LOAD (retrieve) worksheets. | Step 18 | Press function key F4 (Save). | | You should now see a prompt, requesting the name of | the file to store this worksheet in. | Step 19 | At the prompt, enter: "PAYMENTS" (without the quotes) | | If you did everything correctly, your worksheet | should be been saved in a disk file called. | PAYMENTS. You can reload it at any time with the | F3 (Load) option. | ________________________________ _____________________________________/ Chapter 4 FUNCTION KEY MENUS The Function Key Menus that appear at the top of your screen are composed of two types of options. Those that: 1) perform specific operations or commands 2) and those that display a new Function Key Menu. The word in the descriptive box that identifies each of these options will help you determine how it is used. For example, a function key that loads a new set of menu options will always be written in UPPER CASE LETTERS; while function keys that perform commands, will always be written in BOTH UPPER AND LOWER CASE LETTERS. Occasionally, when you press a function key, a prompt will appear requesting additional information. These prompts have a specific format that's worth learning: Question... (options)? [default]: _ | | the range of legal _______| |____ the default answer answers are displayed that will be used within parentheses if only the <Enter> key is pressed Important! If, for any reason, you should need to abort an option without completing it, simply press the <Esc> key. You will be returned to the Input Line and no further action will be taken. Note: Some prompts will request that you move the Cell Pointer to another location with the arrow keys (e.g. when you need to define the lower right hand corner of a range of cells). Normally, the arrow keys work fine for this - except when you need to move long distances. In these situations, the Forward Slash (/) "Goto" Command can be used at the prompt to initiate a jump to another worksheet location (refer to Chapter 7). The remainder of this section describes each of the Function Key Menus in detail. Most options are non-destructive, with the exception of the Clear, Purge, and Delete options; so, don't be afraid to try them. Remember, the <Esc> key will break you out of almost anything. Chapter Contents _______ | f1 | Section 4:1 | CELL | Displays a set of menu options that allow you to modify the ATTRIBUTES of an existing cell (Precision, Arrays, Hide, Protect, Recalc, Color, etc.). _______ | f2 | Section 4:2 | EDIT | Displays a set of menu options that allow you to EDIT the worksheet display and the contents of an existing cell (Edit, Undo, Join, Justify, Purge, Move, Copy, Shift, Insert, Delete). _______ | f3 | Section 4:3 | FILE | Displays a set of menu options that allow you to SAVE and LOAD worksheets, WRITE reports, and READ text files. _______ | f5 | Section 4:5 |SCRIPTS| Displays a set of menu options that allow you to load and clear the Script Index, adjust the size of the Swap Area, and assign scripts to Function Keys. _______ | f6 | Section 4:6 |WINDOWS| Displays a set of menu options that allow you to create new windows (Make/Remove Windows, Width, Level, Margins). _______ | f7 | Section 4:7 |UTILITY| Displays a set of menu options that perform general UTILITY functions (Graphics, Memory, Affected Cells, Recalculation). _______ | f8 | Section 4:8 |DEFAULT| Displays a set of menu options that allow you to alter the GLOBAL DEFAULT settings (Column_Width, Precision, Color, and Range Recalc). _______ | f9 | Section 4:9 |FORMATS| Displays a new set of menu options that allow you to modify the way in which numeric values are displayed (Percent, Dec, Sci, Oct, Hex, Bin, Comma, $, Bearing) _______ | f0 | Section 4:10 | EXIT | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 4:1 CELL ATTRIBUTES ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ......... : f1 : From the "Root Menu", press F1 to access the : CELL : following set of Function Key options. _______ _______ _______ | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | DONE | | x.xx | | Array | . . . f1 - Returns you to the Root Function Key Menu. f2 - Changes a cell's fixed DECIMAL format, controlling the number of decimal places that will appear when the cell's value is displayed. Changing this setting will not affect the actual value stored by the spreadsheet. Numbers can be displayed with up to 14 decimal places. If the existing column width is not large enough to handle the format, a series of asterisks (****) will appear instead of the expected value. Even if this should occur, you can use the "=" Display Element Command to view this or any other value stored by the cell (refer to Chapter 7). f3 - Creates an ARRAY SPACE of up to 8000 values that can be assigned to any FORMULA cell - highlighted by the Cell Pointer. (Section 6:5 in the Technical Information portion of this manual contains a complete discussion of cell array areas.) The values stored in this array area can be addressed within any expression by including the Array Element field in the Cell Address: [row,col,ELEMENT] Array values can be viewed or loaded with the (=) Display Element Commands described in Chapter 7. Other, more advanced loading, techniques are discussed in Section 4:3 - Loading Text Files. ___________________________ | f4 f5 f6 | | Display Cell OKAY? | | Hide Row | | Protect Column | | Unprot All | | Blink Range | | noBlink | | +ReCalc | | -ReCalc | | +NoCalc | . . . | -NoCalc | . . . Function keys F4 and F5 work together to form a user defined option that is executed when the F6 (OKAY?) key is pressed. The F4 and F5 keys do not perform any action other than to set up the option. f4 - Display: Causes a hidden cell to be redisplayed. Hide: Sets a flag, preventing a cell's contents form being displayed on the screen. Protect: Sets a flag, preventing the contents of a cell from being purged or edited. If you do inadvertently attempt to modify a protected cell, you will automatically be placed in the 'Edit Mode' (see Chapter 5). You can then use the "CUT" option to temporarily save your entry until you are able to remove the protection flag. Otherwise. simply press the <ESC> key to abort. UnProt: Removes the protection flag, allowing a cell to be purged or edited. Blink: Causes a cell to blink on and off when displayed. noBlink: Prevents a cell from blinking when displayed. +ReCalc: Sets a flags that FORCES a cell to be RECALCULATED whenever ANY change is made to the spreadsheet - even if the change does not directly affect the cell. -ReCalc: CLEARS the '+ReCalc' flag that forces a cell to be recalculated each time the spreadsheet is modified. +NoCalc: Sets a flag that PREVENTS a cell from being recalculated - even if that cell is directly affected by a change somewhere else in the spreadsheet. -NoCalc: CLEARS the '+NoCalc' flag. f5 - Defines the range of cell(s) that will take on the attributes defined by the F4 key. This key has no affect until the F6 (OKAY) key is pressed. f6 - Executes the user defined option setup by the F4 and F5 function keys. _____________________________________ | f7 f8 f9 f0 | | Cell White Low OKAY? | | Row Brw/Ylw High | | Col Magenta | | ALL Red | | Range Cyan | | Green | . . . | Blue | Function keys F7 thru F9 work together to form a 'user defined option' that is executed when the F10 (OKAY?) key is pressed. The F7, F8, and F9 keys do not perform any action other than to set up the option. NOTE: Cells that have their color display changed using this option will no longer be affected by changes made to the default color setting (see Section 4:8 - F7 thru F10). f7 - Defines the range of cells that will take on a new COLOR attribute. f8 - Defines a new display COLOR. f9 - Sets the display INTENSITY to High or Low. f0 - Executes the user defined option setup by the F7, F8, and F9 function keys. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 4:2 EDIT ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ......... : f2 : From the "Root Menu", press F2 : EDIT : _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f4 | | f5 | | f6 | | DONE | | Edit | | Undo | | Join | |<Jstify| |Jstify>| . . . f1 - Returns you to the Root Menu. f2 - Activates the 'Edit Mode' Function Keys (see Chapter 5). f3 - UNDOES the last change made to a cell. f4 - JOINS the 'labels' of two adjacent cells. The Cell Pointer must be positioned over the left most label. f5 - LEFT JUSTIFIES the value displayed by a FORMULA cell. f6 - RIGHT JUSTIFIES the value displayed by a FORMULA cell. _____________________________________ | f7 f8 f9 f0 | | Purge Cell OKAY? | | Shift Row Left | | Move Column Right | | Copy All Up | | Insert Range Down | | Delete (rel) | | (abs) | . . . | (val) | Function keys F7 thru F9 work together to form a 'user defined option' that is executed when the F10 (OKAY?) key is pressed. The F7, F8, and F9 keys do not perform any action other than to set up the option. f7 Purge: Removes one or more cells, freeing the memory for other uses. Shift: Moves one or more cells one cell position up, down, left, or right. This command will only shift OCCUPIED cells that are ADJACENT to the Cell Pointer. As a result, the position of the Cell Pointer is important, as it can influence which cells are actually shifted. Take the following example. If you want to shift a 'column' of cells UP, LEFT, or to the RIGHT, you must place the Cell Pointer on the last occupied cell in the column that you wish to be included. This would be the cell with the 'highest' row number in its Cell Address. The cells that will be shifted will include everything above the Cell Pointer until the first empty cell is encountered. When shifting a 'column' of cells DOWN, place the Cell Pointer at the top of the column (the cell with the 'lowest' row number in its address). Everything below this point will be shifted until the first empty cell is encountered. Move: Moves one or more cells to a new location, anywhere on the worksheet. Copy: Copies one or more cells to a new location. The F9 function key is used to set the 'type' of cell copy that is to take place - relative (rel), absolute (abs), or value (val). - Relative (rel) copy means that when you copy a cell's formula from one location to another, the 'direct' Cell Addresses within the formula of the new cell will be adjusted (see Section 6:8 - Direct Cell Addresses). That is, the 'direct' Cell Addresses in the new cell will be modified to reference cells that are the same relative distance away from the new cell as they were from the original cell. - Absolute (abs) copy means that when you copy a cell's formula from one location to another, the Cell Addresses (within that formula) will not be adjusted. They will reference the same cells as the original cells do. - Value (val) copy means that only values (not the formulas associated with them) are copied. When using the (val) option to copy the contents of a POINT, SEGMENT, POLYGON, or MATRIX to another location, the results will be place into a 'NULL' POINT, SEGMENT, POLYGON, or MATRIX (refer to Sections 9:6 and 10:7 for an expanded discussion). NOTE: Cells can be COPIED or MOVED from one worksheet level to another with the aide of the Forward Slash (/) 'Goto' Command discussed in Chapter 7. To do it, simply type a slash (/) instead of using the arrow keys from the prompt, requesting you to move the Cell Pointer the the TARGET cell location. This will produce a new series of prompts that will allow you to jump to any Row, Column, or WORKSHEET LEVEL. Insert: Adds a new Row or Column (depending on the setting of function key F8) above the Cell Pointer's current position. Delete: Deletes the Row or Column (depending on the setting of function key F8) that currently contains the Cell Pointer. f8 Defines the range of cells that will be affected by the F7 setting. f9 The option associated with this key will only appear when either the 'Shift' or 'Copy' command have been set with the F7 function key. Otherwise, the function of this key is disabled and nothing will appear in its display. Left, Right, Up, Down: These options only become available when the F7 'Shift' command has been set. They establish the direction the cell(s) will be moved. (rel), (abs), (val): These choices only become available when the F7 'Copy' Command has been set. They establish the 'type' of cell copy that will take place - a Relative, Absolute, or Value cell copy. (Refer back to the discussion on the F7 'copy' option.) f0 Executes the user defined option setup by the F7, F8, and F9 function keys. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 4:3 FILES ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ......... : f3 : From the "Root Menu", press F3 : FILE : _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f4 | | f5 | | DONE | |Report>| | Load< | | Save> | | Text< | . . . f1 - Returns you to the Root Menu. f2 - Copies a worksheet to a standard text file located in your current working directory. The report will appear exactly as it does on your screen. You can then use the DOS 'PRINT' command to sent the file to your printer. The report will begin with the first row that appears on your screen and will continue to whatever row you specify or until no further data is found - whichever comes first. You may also set the maximum number of characters per line (upto 132) or use the default setting that limits the report to the cell visible on the screen. f3 - LOADS (opens) a worksheet file, located in the current working directory, that has been saved using REBEL's native ".RB2" format. Simply type in the name of the file that contains your worksheet and press <Enter>. It is not necessary to include the .RB2 extension. You can also review all of the worksheets that are currently available by pressing any of the <Arrow> keys - PRIOR TO ENTERING A FILE NAME. Each time you do this, one of the files that has a ".RB2" extension will be displayed within the prompt's square brackets []. When the file you are interested in appears, press the <Enter> key to load it. The tilde (~) wildcard character can be used to create a pattern that will reduce the number of files you must to search through. For example, "test~" would locate: test01, testA, test12, etc.. To use this feature, however, you must remember to enter the pattern BEFORE the first arrow key is pressed. That is, once an arrow key is pressed - the pattern is set. If you press an arrow key before entering a pattern, the default pattern will be used (i.e. "~.RB2" which is all of the .RB2 files in the current working directory!). You may want to experiment with this option to see how it works. f4 - SAVES (closes) the currently active worksheet to a disk file, using REBEL's native ".RB2" format. It is not necessary to include the .RB2 extension when you enter the file name. f5 - Opens a TEXT FILE and loads it into the currently active worksheet, starting at the cell highlighted by the Cell Pointer. Each 'word' or 'number' within the text file will be loaded into an individual cell and will be 'typed' as a LABEL. Groups of words can be directed to a single cell by enclosing the string within double quotes ("..."). Existing data, within the worksheet, will not be overwritten. Text files can also be used to load the ARRAY SPACE of a cell. To do this, the cell must either be empty or contain an expression (i.e. be a FORMULA cell). A "HEADER LINE", that describes 'what' and 'where' to start loading the array, MUST precede the values to be loaded. The HEADER must begin with a tilde (~) and end with a semicolon (;). The exact format is defined as follows: ~[Row,Column,MaxArraySize,Worksheet],START,END; The following 5 line file, for example, will cause an Array Space (containing 15 elements) to be defined for the cell at [55,66]. It will then load 4 values (25.0 thru 28.0), starting at array position 8 and ending at array position 12. ~[55,66,15,1],8,12; 25.0 26.0 27.0 28.0 The important thing to remember is that the number in the ARRAY ELEMENT position of the HEADER LINE will define or re-define a cell's array Area Space - prior to loading it! Also note that the 'start' and 'end' values, which follows the HEADER's cell address, define the exact array positions to be loaded (8 thru 12). More than one such header entries may be included in a file. In addition to fixed numbers, expressions that access values in other cells throughout the worksheet, can also be used to load the array space. Take the following example. Here, 4 values (from another worksheet level) are added to a fixed number and then loaded into the array elements 8 through 12. ~[55,66,12,1],8,12 25.0 + [1,1,,2] 26.0 + [1,2,,2] 27.0 + [1,3,,2] 28.0 + [1,4,,2] _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f6 | | f7 | | f8 | | f9 | | f0 | . . . | | | | |ListDir| |ChngDir| | Clear | f8 - LISTS the files in the Current Working Directory. You can control the number of files that will be displayed by using the tilde (~) wildcard character to form a specific pattern. The default pattern (~.~) will display all files. Press the <Enter> key to accept the default or enter your own pattern. f9 - CHANGES the Current Working Directory. f0 - CLEARS the currently active worksheet. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 4:5 SCRIPTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- The following menu options allow you to 'attach' Script Libraries, view the Script Index, adjust the size of the Swap Area, and assign scripts to function keys - all without exiting the program. Chapter 11 contains a detailed discussion of each of these topics. ......... : f5 : :SCRIPTS: _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f4 | | f5 | | DONE | | | | | |Setfkey| | FKEYS | . . . f1 - Returns you to the Root Menu. f4 - Allows you to assign a SCRIPT (containing an empty argument list) to a function key that can be accessed from the (f5) FKEYS menu. This option will prompt you for the function key number and the name of the script. Note: Function key f1 is reserved for the DONE option and can not be used. f5 - Accesses a menu of USER DEFINED function keys that may have scripts assigned to them (see f4 above). _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f6 | | f7 | | f8 | | f9 | | f0 | . . . | | | Index | | Attach| | Detach| |SwpArea| f7 - Used to view summary information about each script that is contained in the Script Index. - The SIZE of the script in bytes - Whether script is loaded in Swap Area - The NAME of the script's library - The Library's Version Number - Version of BUILD.EXE used to create library - Version of REBEL required to run script A maximum of 64 entries can be made in this index. The <Esc> key can be used to exit this option at any time. f8 - Attaches a (.REB) Script Library to the current spreadsheet session by loading certain header information about each script into a special Script Index. Note, only the scripts contained in this index can be accessed by the worksheet. (Also see the -L option discussed in Section 11:2). f9 - Clears the Script Index, allowing you to 'attach' a new set of script libraries (see f7 and f8). f0 - Allows you to increase or decrease the size of the Swap Area, which is used by the Script Manager to execute the scripts listed in the Script Index. The Swap Area must be at least as large as the biggest script that will be accessed by the worksheet. You can check the size the the present Swap Area by selecting this option and then pressing <Enter>. The size of the Swap Area is dislayed within the square brackets []. (Also see the -M option discussed in Chapter 11). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 4:6 WINDOWS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ......... From the "Root Menu", press : f6 : :WINDOWS: _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f4 | | f5 | | DONE | | RmvWdw| |HorzWdw| | ChgWdw| |VertWdw| . . . _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f6 | | f7 | | f8 | | f9 | | f0 | . . . | Width | | Level | |<Margin| | SET | |Margin>| f1 - Returns you to the Root Menu. f2 - Removes the currently active window (i.e. the one that contains the Cell Pointer). The last window can not be removed. f3 - Creates a Horizontal Window, beginning at the Cell Pointer's position. f4 - Moves the Cell Pointer to the Next Window - if one exists. (See the <Tab> Command in Chapter 7 for a faster way of doing this.) f5 - Creates a Vertical Window, beginning at the Cell Pointer's position. f6 - Changes the CELL WIDTH of the current column. You will also be asked to enter the number of the last column you wish this change to affect. Any change made by this option will override the default column setting (see Section 4:8 - dWidth). f7 - Allows you to change the Worksheet LEVEL of the current window. (The level of each window is displayed in the extreme left hand corner of the Column Bar - surrounded by angle brackets <>.). f8 - Moves the Cell Pointer to the next Margin - to the left of it's current position (see function key F9). f9 - Sets or Removes a MARGIN in the column occupied by the Cell Pointer. Once the Cell Pointer is move off this column, it can no longer be crossed using the arrow keys. (A margin can be crossed with the PgUp, PgDn, End, and Home keys or with the "/" Goto Command discussed in Chapter 7). f0 - Moves the Cell Pointer to the next Margin - to the right of it's current position (see function key F9). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 4:7 UTILITY ----------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPORTANT: Function keys F2 thru F6 are used to display the points, lines, and polygons created by the Coordinate Geometry Package described in Chapter 9. To provide compatibility with as many PCs as possible, REBEL uses video BIOS calls for all of its graphics displays. While this approach extends graphic capabilities to a wide range of IBM-PCs and compatibles, it does not always take full advantage of your system's video adapter. For example, a maximum of three colors can be displayed at a time. ......... From the "Root Menu", press : f7 : :UTILITY: _______ _________________ _________________ _______ | f1 | | f2 color | | f4 aspect | | f6 | | DONE | | 320x200 | | 1.33 | | Plot |... | | | b/w | | 320x200 | | | | b/w | | 640x200 | f1 - Returns you to the Root Menu. f2 - This key is used to set the Graphics Video Mode used by your PC's ROM BIOS functions. Three modes are available: 1) Low Resolution Color; 2) Low Resolution Black and White; and 3) High Resolution Black and White. f4 - This key is used to set the Video Aspect Ratio, which is used by the plotting routines to eliminate distortion. It is not absolutely necessary that it be set unless it is important that the dimensions of the figures you plot are proportional. The ratio is formed by the screen's horizontal and vertical dimensions. Since these dimensions can differ from system to system, this ratio must be set to correct for distortion. After measuring the HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL dimensions of your screen (using any unit of measure: inches, centimeters, etc..), simply press this function key and enter the values at the appropriate prompt. f6 - This function key is used to plot individual or multiple POINTS, SEGMENTS, and POLYGONS created by the Coordinate Geometry (COGO) Package described in Chapter 9. To plot the coordinates defined by one of these cell types, move the Cell Pointer to the cell in question and press F6. You can continue to identify other POINTS, SEGMENTS and POLYGONS in this same fashion until you press <Enter>, at which time everything will be displayed. You can exit from the graphics mode by pressing any key. _______ _______ _______ _______ | f7 | | f8 | | f9 | | f0 | . . . | Memory| | Affect| |CelCalc| |FulCalc| f7 - Displays the remaining amount of available MEMORY. f8 - Points out all of the cells that are USED BY and AFFECTED BY the cell that is highlighted by the Cell Pointer. f9 - RECALCULATES the CELL highlighted by the Cell Pointer. (The '.' Dot Command can also be used to recalculate a cell - refer to Chapter 7:0). f0 - RECALCULATES every cell on the worksheet, one time, beginning at cell [1,1] and moving through the worksheet in th left to right direction. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 4:8 DEFAULT SETTINGS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ......... From the "Root Menu", press : f8 : :DEFAULT: _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f4 | | f5 | | DONE | | dRange| | | | dWidth| |dDecmal| . . . f1 - Returns you to the Root Menu. f2 - Whenever a change is made to the worksheet, this setting will determine the maximum number of times a formula that contains a RANGE OPERATION will be recomputed (i.e. in the event of a circular reference). Also see Section 6:12 - Optimizing Your Worksheet. f4 - Changes the default COLUMN WIDTH setting for the current worksheet. This option will affect ALL of the columns that have not been individually set using the column width option under the WINDOWS menu (also see Section 4:6 - Width). f5 - Changes the default DECIMAL display format setting that is used whenever a NEW cell is created. This option is not intended to be used to modify the decimal display format of cells that differ from the default value (for that, see Section 4:1 - x.xx). Remember, when you use this option to reset the decimal display format, it will affect EVERY cell that HAS NOT had it format reset with the "x.xx" command described in Section 4:1. _______ _____________________________________ | f6 | | f7 f8 f9 f0 | . . . | | | Cell White Low OKAY? | | Row Brw/Ylw High | | Col Magenta | | ALL Red | | Range Cyan | | Green | | Blue | Function keys F7 thru F9 work together to form a 'user defined option' that is executed when the F10 (OKAY?) key is pressed. The F7, F8, and F9 keys do not perform any action other than to set up the option. f7 - Defines a range of cell(s) that will be reset to display the DEFAULT COLOR - no matter what their current color setting is. f8 - Defines the DEFAULT COLOR that will be used to display all new cells, as well as, the existing cells that display old default color. This command will force all of the cells within the range of cells defined by the F7 key to display the default color - overriding any other setting. f9 - Sets the display INTENSITY of the default color to High or Low. f0 - Executes the command option setup by function keys <F7> thru <F9>. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 4:9 DISPLAY FORMATS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ......... From the "Root Menu", press : f9 : :FORMATS: _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f1 | | f2 | | f3 | | f4 | | f5 | | DONE | | % | | Dec | | Sci | | Hex | . . . _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ | f6 | | f7 | | f8 | | f9 | | f0 | . . . | Oct | | Bin | | Comma | | $ | |Bearing| f1 - Returns you to the Root Menu. f2 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to PERCENT. For example, 0.255 would be displayed: 25.5% f3 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to DECIMAL (default). For example, 255 would be displayed: 255.00 f4 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to SCIENTIFIC NOTATION. For example, 255 would be displayed: 2.55e+02 f5 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to HEXADECIMAL. For example, 255 would be displayed: 0xFF f6 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to OCTAL. For example, 255 would be displayed: 0377 f7 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to BINARY. For example, 255 would be displayed: 11111111 f8 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to insert a comma after every third digit. For example, 2500 would be displayed: 2,500 f9 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to CURRENCY. For example, 255 would be displayed: $255.00 f0 - Sets a cell's numeric display mode to a BEARING ANGLE. For example, 145.3020 would be displayed: "N45 30'20"E (Refer to Section 9:2:4 of the Coordinate Geometry Package). NOTE: Numbers can be entered, from the Input Line, in both hexadecimal and octal formats (in addition to the standard decimal format). To enter a hexadecimal number, precede it with a "0x" (e.g. 0xFF). Octal numbers can be entered by beginning them with a zero (0). JUST REMEMBER, DO NOT BEGIN A STANDARD NUMBER WITH A ZERO - UNLESS, OF COURSE, IT IS ZERO!